Beschreibung der Gechlechtskrankheiten und anderer sexuell übertagbarer Erkrankungen (STD)
Die Gonorrhoe (Tripper)
Die Erreger der Gonorrhoe, die Gonokokken (Neisseria gonorrhoeae) sind zumeist paarig auftretende Bakterien und werden daher auch Diplokokken genannt.
Die Infektion erfolgt, von wenigen Ausnahmen abgesehen, durch den Geschlechtsverkehr. Dabei heften sich die Gonokokken an der Schleimhaut an und werden über bestimmte Zellstrukturen in die Schleimhautzellen aufgenommen, wonach sie durch die Schleimhautwand geschleust werden und im darunter gelegenen Gewebe eine akute eitrige Entzündung hervorrufen.
Neben der Harnröhrenschleimhaut können beim Mann Prostata und Nebenhoden mitbefallen sein. Bei der Frau kann der Erreger durch die Zervix in Gebärmutter und Eileiter und sogar bis in die freie Bauchhöhle vordringen und eine lebensbedrohliche Bauchfellentzündung (Peritonitis) verursachen. Werden die Erreger auf die Augenbindehaut übertragen, kann eine eitrige Bindehautentzündung (Konjunktivitis) entstehen, die vor allem bei Neugeborenen gefürchtet ist. Gonokokken können auch die Rektal- oder Pharynxschleimhaut befallen (Schleimhäute in Enddarm und Schlund), bei Streuung in den Körperkreislauf auch Gelenke und Innenorgane (Herzmuskelentzündung). Von daher ist zu beachten, dass die Infektion, wenn auch nur selten, selbstverständlich auch über orogenitalen Kontakt erfolgen kann.
Die Leitsymptome der Erkrankung im Akutstadium sind eitriger Ausfluß und Schmerzen (Brennen) beim Harnlassen. Bei der Frau bleibt die Infektion häufig symptomlos und verläuft deshalb unbemerkt, weswegen von zahlreichen nicht registrierten Damen eine sehr hohe Infektionsgefahr ausgeht.
Diagnose
Die Diagnose erfolgt beim Mann meistens schon anhand der leicht kenntlichen Symptome. Bei der Frau ist der labordiagnostische Nachweis unumgänglich, da Ausfuß sehr viele Ursache haben kann.
Der Erregernachweis erfolgt in der Regel durch Mikroskopie und Kultur. Bei der akuten Gonorrhoe des Mannes genügt meistens die Mikroskopie des gefärbten Abstrichpräparates aus der Harnröhre. Eine Kultur muß ggf. sofort nach der Gewinnung des Untersuchungsmaterials angelegt werden, da die Erreger ausserhalb des Körpers nur sehr kurze Zeit überlebensfähig sind.
Ein neuer Antikörper-Schnelltest weist Bestandteile des Erregers direkt nach, ist aber teuer und deshalb in der Praxis der amtlichen Untersuchungsstelle nicht gebräuchlich.
Bei der Frau kann die Gewinnung geeigneten Untersuchungsmaterials u.U. aufwendigere Methoden erfordern, da die Erreger in der Schleimhaut oft nicht oder nur unsicher nachweisbar sind. Entzündungen der Gebärmutter und Eileiter erfordern häufig eine Laparoskopie (Bauchspiegelung).
Therapie
Das Antibiotikum der Wahl ist Penicillin G, das via Einmalgabe oder, bei komplizierten Fällen, mehrmals gegeben wird. Alternativen sind Tetracycline (Doxycyclin) und Spectinomycin. Wegen der zunehmenden Resistenz der Gonokokken gegen diese Substanzen werden auch Cephalosporine (z.B. Ceftriaxon) empfohlen.
Epidemiologie und Prophylaxe
Die Gonorrhoe ist weltweit verbreitet und wird i.d.R. durch venerischen Kontakt übertragen. Die Häufigkeit ist von Land zu Land sehr unterschiedlich. Genaue Angaben sind kaum möglich, da die Dunkelziffer sehr groß ist. Bei uns ist von einer Inzidenz von etwa 4 von 1000 pro Jahr auszugehen. Ein Impfstoff befindet sich in der Beta-Phase klinischer Erprobung und wird höchstwahrscheinlich in den nächsten Jahren auf den Markt kommen.
Genitaltraktinfektionen/sexuell übertragbare Krankheiten IV
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Tommy
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Marc of Frankfurt
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Mutierte Krankheitserreger
http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gonorrhoe
Wissenschaftler finden super-resistentes Tripper-Bakterium H041 in Japan, gegen das kein verfügbares Antibiotikum wirkt
Scientists find first superbug strain of gonorrhea
By Kate Kelland, Reuters July 11, 2011
"Since antibiotics became the standard treatment for gonorrhea in the 1940s, this bacterium has shown a remarkable capacity to develop resistance mechanisms to all drugs introduced to control it," Magnus Unemo said.
Scientists have found a "superbug" strain of gonorrhea in Japan that is resistant to all recommended antibiotics and say it could transform a once easily treatable infection into a global public health threat.
The new strain of the sexually transmitted disease -- called H041 -- cannot be killed by any currently recommended treatments for gonorrhea, leaving doctors with no other option than to try medicines so far untested against the disease.
Magnus Unemo of the Swedish Reference Laboratory for Pathogenic Neisseria, who discovered the strain with colleagues from Japan in samples from Kyoto, described it as both "alarming" and "predictable."
"Since antibiotics became the standard treatment for gonorrhea in the 1940s, this bacterium has shown a remarkable capacity to develop resistance mechanisms to all drugs introduced to control it," he said.
In a telephone interview Unemo, who will present details of the finding at a conference of the International Society for Sexually Transmitted Disease Research (ISSTDR) in Quebec City on Monday, said the fact that the strain had been found first in Japan also followed an alarming pattern.
"Japan has historically been the place for the first emergence and subsequent global spread of different types of resistance in gonorrhea," he said.
The team's analysis of the strain found it was extremely resistant to all cephalosporin-class antibiotics -- the last remaining drugs still effective in treating gonorrhea.
Gonorrhea is a bacterial sexually transmitted infection and if left untreated can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease, ectopic pregnancy and infertility in women.
It is one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases in the world and is most prevalent in south and southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa.
In the United States alone, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the number of cases is estimated at around 700,000 a year.
British scientists said last year that there was a real risk of gonorrhea becoming a superbug -- a bacteria that has mutated and become resistant to multiple classes of antibiotics -- after increasing reports of gonorrhea drug resistance emerged in Hong Kong, China, Australia and other parts of Asia.
Experts say the best way to reduce the risk of even greater resistance developing -- beyond the urgent need to develop effective new drugs -- is to treat gonorrhea with combinations of two or more types of antibiotic at the same time.
This technique is used in the treatment of some other diseases like tuberculosis in an attempt to make it more difficult for the bacteria to learn how to conquer the drugs.
Unemo said however that experience from previous degrees of resistance acquired by gonorrhea suggested this new multi-drug resistant strain could spread around the world within decades.
"Based on the historical data ... resistance has emerged and spread internationally within 10 to 20 years," he said.
Asked whether a class of drugs called carbapenems -- known as the most powerful antibiotics yet devised -- might be a last ditch option for treating this new gonorrhea strain, Unemo said there would first need to be trials to assess their potential.
"Carbapenems have never been used for the treatment of gonorrhea so we cannot interpret the data in any reliable or quality-assured way at the moment," he said.
The World Health Organization estimates there are at least 340 million new cases of curable sexually transmitted infections -- including syphilis, gonorrhea, chlamydia and trichomoniasis -- every year among people aged 15 to 49.
www.montrealGazette.com/health/Scientis ... story.html
Sexworker testen selbst ihre Kunden vor der Sexdienstleistung
mit Link zu medizinischen Fotos:
www.sexworker.at/phpBB2/viewtopic.php?t=1310
Wissenschaftler finden super-resistentes Tripper-Bakterium H041 in Japan, gegen das kein verfügbares Antibiotikum wirkt
Scientists find first superbug strain of gonorrhea
By Kate Kelland, Reuters July 11, 2011
"Since antibiotics became the standard treatment for gonorrhea in the 1940s, this bacterium has shown a remarkable capacity to develop resistance mechanisms to all drugs introduced to control it," Magnus Unemo said.
Scientists have found a "superbug" strain of gonorrhea in Japan that is resistant to all recommended antibiotics and say it could transform a once easily treatable infection into a global public health threat.
The new strain of the sexually transmitted disease -- called H041 -- cannot be killed by any currently recommended treatments for gonorrhea, leaving doctors with no other option than to try medicines so far untested against the disease.
Magnus Unemo of the Swedish Reference Laboratory for Pathogenic Neisseria, who discovered the strain with colleagues from Japan in samples from Kyoto, described it as both "alarming" and "predictable."
"Since antibiotics became the standard treatment for gonorrhea in the 1940s, this bacterium has shown a remarkable capacity to develop resistance mechanisms to all drugs introduced to control it," he said.
In a telephone interview Unemo, who will present details of the finding at a conference of the International Society for Sexually Transmitted Disease Research (ISSTDR) in Quebec City on Monday, said the fact that the strain had been found first in Japan also followed an alarming pattern.
"Japan has historically been the place for the first emergence and subsequent global spread of different types of resistance in gonorrhea," he said.
The team's analysis of the strain found it was extremely resistant to all cephalosporin-class antibiotics -- the last remaining drugs still effective in treating gonorrhea.
Gonorrhea is a bacterial sexually transmitted infection and if left untreated can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease, ectopic pregnancy and infertility in women.
It is one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases in the world and is most prevalent in south and southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa.
In the United States alone, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the number of cases is estimated at around 700,000 a year.
British scientists said last year that there was a real risk of gonorrhea becoming a superbug -- a bacteria that has mutated and become resistant to multiple classes of antibiotics -- after increasing reports of gonorrhea drug resistance emerged in Hong Kong, China, Australia and other parts of Asia.
Experts say the best way to reduce the risk of even greater resistance developing -- beyond the urgent need to develop effective new drugs -- is to treat gonorrhea with combinations of two or more types of antibiotic at the same time.
This technique is used in the treatment of some other diseases like tuberculosis in an attempt to make it more difficult for the bacteria to learn how to conquer the drugs.
Unemo said however that experience from previous degrees of resistance acquired by gonorrhea suggested this new multi-drug resistant strain could spread around the world within decades.
"Based on the historical data ... resistance has emerged and spread internationally within 10 to 20 years," he said.
Asked whether a class of drugs called carbapenems -- known as the most powerful antibiotics yet devised -- might be a last ditch option for treating this new gonorrhea strain, Unemo said there would first need to be trials to assess their potential.
"Carbapenems have never been used for the treatment of gonorrhea so we cannot interpret the data in any reliable or quality-assured way at the moment," he said.
The World Health Organization estimates there are at least 340 million new cases of curable sexually transmitted infections -- including syphilis, gonorrhea, chlamydia and trichomoniasis -- every year among people aged 15 to 49.
www.montrealGazette.com/health/Scientis ... story.html
- Tripper beim Kunden/Sexualpartner feststellen durch "melken des Penis".
Ein austretender weißer milchiger Tropfen ist dann der Indikator für die bakterielle Infektion.
Sexworker testen selbst ihre Kunden vor der Sexdienstleistung
mit Link zu medizinischen Fotos:
www.sexworker.at/phpBB2/viewtopic.php?t=1310
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Aoife
- Senior Admin
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Re: Mutierte Krankheitserreger
Hier das link zu einem deutschsprachigem Artikel über den von Marc dargestellten Sachverhalt:Marc of Frankfurt hat geschrieben:Wissenschaftler finden super-resistentes Tripper-Bakterium H041 in Japan, gegen das kein verfügbares Antibiotikum wirkt
http://news.doccheck.com/de/article/205 ... ipptaeter/
Liebe Grüße, Aoife
It's not those who inflict the most, but those who endure the most, who will conquer. MP.Vol.Bobby Sands
'I know kung fu, karate, and 37 other dangerous words'
Misspellings are *very special effects* of me keyboard
'I know kung fu, karate, and 37 other dangerous words'
Misspellings are *very special effects* of me keyboard